Glycyrrhizic acid, a major bioactive compound derived from licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra), has demonstrated therapeutic potential in oral surgery primarily due to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have investigated glycyrrhizic acid and its derivatives in the context of oral mucosal healing, oral ulcers, and post-surgical recovery. For example, randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews have documented the efficacy of topical glycyrrhizic acid preparations (such as licorice bioadhesive pastes) in reducing the duration and pain of recurrent aphthous ulcers, a common post-surgical complication. Additionally, glycyrrhizic acid has shown inhibitory effects on oral pathogens like Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, which may reduce postoperative infection risks.

The anti-inflammatory effects arise from glycyrrhizic acid’s ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulate immune responses, which can support tissue recovery after surgical interventions. However, while multiple clinical studies and reviews provide moderate evidence for its benefit in promoting oral wound healing and managing ulcers, its use specifically as a standard adjunct in oral surgery is not universally established or incorporated into clinical guidelines. Most evidence supports its use for minor oral wounds and ulcers rather than major surgical procedures. Overall, glycyrrhizic acid holds promise as a supportive agent in oral mucosal healing, but further robust, large-scale clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy in the broader context of oral surgery.