Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Xanthine is a purine base found naturally in most human body tissues and fluids, and in other organisms. Its derivatives, most notably caffeine and theophylline, are well-known xanthine alkaloids that have established effects on the nervous system. Xanthines act primarily as central nervous system (CNS) stimulants by antagonizing adenosine receptors, which results in increased alertness, reduced drowsiness, and improved cognitive performance. These effects are most prominently documented for caffeine, which is consumed globally for its psychoactive properties.

Clinical studies and reviews confirm that xanthine derivatives can enhance mood, vigilance, and reaction time, although the degree of effect varies between individuals and with dosage. Theophylline, another xanthine derivative, has mild CNS stimulant effects but is used primarily as a bronchodilator in clinical practice. There is less direct evidence regarding the use of "unspecified" or pure xanthine itself in supporting the nervous system, as most research has focused on its methylated derivatives. However, the well-established mechanisms and effects of related compounds provide moderate scientific support for the use of xanthine-related substances in promoting alertness and supporting nervous system function.

In summary, while the direct use of unspecified xanthine for nervous system support is not common, the scientific evidence for its derivatives justifies a moderate rating for this category.

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