Ginkgo biloba has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine for various health concerns, including those related to the nervous system such as memory loss, cognitive decline, and poor circulation to the brain. In recent decades, Ginkgo has been the subject of scientific research, particularly regarding its potential neuroprotective effects and its ability to support cognitive function.

Scientific studies suggest that Ginkgo may have modest benefits for certain aspects of nervous system health. Ginkgo extracts appear to exert antioxidant effects, protect neurons from oxidative stress, and improve blood flow, particularly in the brain. These mechanisms are thought to be relevant in the context of age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Some clinical trials and meta-analyses have reported small improvements in memory and cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia when supplemented with standardized Ginkgo extracts (such as EGb 761).

However, the evidence is mixed. Large, well-designed studies, including the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory (GEM) study, have not found significant benefits for preventing dementia or improving cognition in healthy older adults. Most clinical benefits appear limited to modest symptomatic improvement in some individuals with existing cognitive impairment. There is less robust evidence for Ginkgo's use in other nervous system disorders such as neuropathy or anxiety.

In summary, Ginkgo's use to support the nervous system is supported by both tradition and a moderate amount of scientific evidence, primarily for cognitive function, though results are not uniformly positive.