Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is a ketone body produced during periods of low carbohydrate intake, fasting, or ketogenic diets. Recently, there has been growing scientific interest in its potential neuroprotective effects, particularly regarding nerve damage and neurodegenerative conditions. Preclinical studies suggest that BHB may support neuronal survival by providing an alternative energy substrate to glucose, especially under conditions where glucose metabolism is impaired, such as after nerve injury or in neurodegenerative diseases.

Experimental models (primarily in animals) have shown that BHB can reduce neuronal oxidative stress, modulate inflammation, and increase the expression of neurotrophic factors like BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor). There is also evidence that BHB inhibits histone deacetylases (HDACs), which may promote protective gene expression in neurons. Some studies in rodent models of peripheral neuropathy and neurodegeneration have reported improvements in nerve function and reduced neuronal damage with BHB supplementation or ketogenic diets.

However, direct clinical evidence in humans for BHB supplementation as a treatment for established nerve damage is limited. Most human research to date focuses on ketogenic diets in epilepsy or cognitive decline rather than isolated BHB use for nerve injury. Thus, the evidence supporting BHB for nerve damage is promising but preliminary, with most data currently from basic science and animal studies.