Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Albumin is used in the management of nephritis, particularly in cases where significant hypoalbuminemia (low blood albumin levels) and edema are present, which often occur in nephrotic syndrome—a manifestation of nephritis. The scientific rationale for administering albumin intravenously is to restore plasma oncotic pressure, thereby reducing edema and improving intravascular volume. Several clinical studies and guidelines support the use of intravenous human albumin in conjunction with diuretics for patients with severe hypoalbuminemia and refractory edema. However, the evidence is mixed and the benefit is generally considered temporary and adjunctive rather than definitive therapy. Albumin infusions can transiently mobilize edema and improve diuretic response, but do not address the underlying cause of nephritis or proteinuria, and routine use is not universally recommended due to cost, limited duration of effect, and potential risks such as volume overload and allergic reactions. Most nephrology guidelines reserve albumin use for specific, severe cases where other measures have failed. Thus, while there is a scientific basis and some clinical evidence for its use in selected patients, the overall strength of evidence is moderate and context-dependent, reflecting a rating of 3 out of 5.

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