Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is a well-characterized molecule in human physiology, especially in the context of cellular energy metabolism. In muscle cells, ADP is a direct participant in the process of energy transfer. During muscle contraction, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is hydrolyzed to ADP and inorganic phosphate, releasing the energy required for contraction. The accumulation of ADP subsequently stimulates cellular pathways to regenerate ATP, primarily through oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. This central role of ADP in the ATP-ADP energy cycle is foundational to muscle physiology. However, while ADP is essential for normal muscle function at the cellular level, direct supplementation of ADP is not a common or effective strategy to support or enhance the muscular system in clinical or nutritional settings. Most research and practical applications focus on supporting ATP production, not ADP supplementation. There is limited evidence, if any, that exogenous ADP administration provides a benefit to muscle performance or recovery in humans. Thus, while ADP is scientifically validated as crucial for muscle energy metabolism, there is little to no evidence supporting the use of ADP as a supplement for muscle support. The rating of 2 reflects the strong scientific understanding of its physiological importance, but a lack of evidence for supplemental use.

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