Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium (ATP) is a molecule well known for its central role in cellular energy metabolism, particularly in muscle contraction. It is the direct energy source for muscle fibers during contraction, making it a logical target for supplementation aimed at enhancing muscle function, strength, or recovery. However, the evidence supporting oral ATP supplementation for muscle performance in healthy individuals is limited and mixed.

Several small clinical trials and studies have investigated whether exogenous ATP supplementation can enhance muscle strength, power output, or reduce fatigue. Some research suggests minor improvements in strength, power, or muscle mass when ATP is supplemented, particularly in the context of resistance training. For example, a few studies found that ATP supplementation could improve muscle strength, lean body mass, and recovery in resistance-trained men, but the effects were generally modest. Mechanistically, since ATP is rapidly broken down in the gastrointestinal tract, it is unclear how much supplemental ATP actually reaches the muscle cells intact. Some researchers hypothesize indirect effects through increased blood flow or modulation of signaling pathways.

Overall, while there is a scientific rationale and some early clinical evidence supporting ATP supplementation for muscle support, the data are not robust or consistent. Larger, well-controlled trials are needed. Thus, the evidence rating is low to moderate (2/5).

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