Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Vitamin D, including its D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol) forms, has been investigated for its potential role in supporting or treating Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The interest in vitamin D stems from epidemiological evidence showing higher MS prevalence at higher latitudes, where sunlight exposure—and consequently, vitamin D synthesis—is lower. Mechanistically, vitamin D is thought to modulate immune function, possibly reducing autoimmune activity implicated in MS.

Most research and clinical trials have focused on vitamin D3, which is generally considered more effective than D2 at raising and maintaining serum 25(OH)D levels. However, some studies have used vitamin D2, as both forms can correct deficiency. To date, evidence that vitamin D supplementation (including D2) can improve MS outcomes is mixed and largely inconclusive. Systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials have not shown consistent or significant benefits of vitamin D supplementation on relapse rates, disability progression, or MRI findings in MS patients.

Nonetheless, correcting vitamin D deficiency is considered reasonable as a supportive measure, given its general health importance and potential immune-modulating effects. There is not enough direct evidence to strongly support vitamin D2 supplementation specifically for MS treatment, and it is not standard therapy. Most guidelines do recommend maintaining adequate vitamin D levels in people with MS, but they do not differentiate between D2 and D3 for this purpose.

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