Evidence supporting the use of: Transforming growth factor beta
For the health condition: Multiple Sclerosis

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a cytokine involved in the regulation of immune responses, cell growth, and differentiation. In the context of multiple sclerosis (MS), a disease characterized by immune-mediated damage to the central nervous system, TGF-β has been studied primarily for its immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. Preclinical studies, especially in animal models such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), have demonstrated that TGF-β can reduce disease severity by promoting the development of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and suppressing the activity of pro-inflammatory T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells. Some studies have reported reduced levels of TGF-β in MS patients, suggesting a possible role in disease pathogenesis. However, direct clinical application of TGF-β as a therapeutic agent in MS is currently limited due to concerns about systemic immunosuppression and potential side effects, such as fibrosis and tumorigenesis. While strategies to enhance TGF-β signaling or mimic its effects are being explored, no TGF-β-based therapy has been approved for MS. Thus, while scientific rationale and preclinical evidence exist, robust clinical validation in humans is lacking, and the overall evidence supporting direct use of TGF-β in MS remains limited.

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