Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is a ketone body produced by the liver during periods of fasting, caloric restriction, or ketogenic diets. Its use in supporting or treating Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is based primarily on emerging scientific research rather than traditional or historical medicinal use. MS is characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system. Preclinical studies, particularly in animal models of MS (such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis), have shown that BHB and ketogenic diets may exert neuroprotective effects, reduce inflammation, and enhance mitochondrial function. These effects are thought to be mediated by BHB’s ability to act as an alternative energy substrate for neurons, inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome, and modulate oxidative stress.

However, human clinical data remain limited. There are only sparse pilot studies and case reports investigating ketogenic diets or exogenous BHB supplementation in people with MS. Some small trials suggest possible improvements in fatigue and quality of life, but robust, high-quality randomized controlled trials are lacking. Therefore, while there is a plausible biological rationale and encouraging early data, the current scientific evidence supporting BHB’s use for MS is preliminary and insufficient to make definitive clinical recommendations. More rigorous, large-scale studies are needed to determine efficacy, optimal dosing, and safety in this context.

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