Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is a naturally occurring ketone body that is elevated during states of ketosis, such as fasting or ketogenic diets. There is growing scientific interest in the potential role of BHB in neurodegenerative diseases, including Multiple Sclerosis (MS), though evidence is still preliminary.

Animal studies have suggested that BHB may have neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects that could be relevant in MS. For example, some mouse models of MS (such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, EAE) have demonstrated reduced disease severity and inflammation when treated with ketone bodies or ketogenic diets. BHB is thought to exert these effects through multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome (a component involved in inflammation), improvement of mitochondrial function, and reduction of oxidative stress.

Human data, however, are limited. A few small pilot studies and case reports have explored ketogenic diets or exogenous ketone supplementation in MS patients, with some reports of improved fatigue and quality of life, but robust clinical trials are lacking. At this time, BHB is not part of standard MS therapy, and its use is considered experimental.

In summary, while there is scientific rationale and early-stage animal and pilot human data supporting a possible benefit of BHB in MS, the evidence is not strong or conclusive. Further research, including well-designed clinical trials, is needed to establish safety and efficacy.

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