Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Vitamin B3, also known as niacin, has scientific validation for its role in supporting mitochondrial function. Niacin is a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a critical coenzyme in cellular energy metabolism. NAD+ is essential for the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which is the primary site for ATP (energy) production in cells. Deficiency in vitamin B3 can impair mitochondrial function and decrease cellular energy output, as demonstrated in both animal and human studies. Supplementation with niacin or its derivatives (such as nicotinamide riboside) has been shown in research to increase NAD+ levels, enhance mitochondrial biogenesis, and improve cellular energy metabolism, particularly in tissues with high energy demands like muscle and brain. Preclinical trials have found that boosting NAD+ levels can improve mitochondrial health and function, and some early human studies suggest potential benefits in aging and metabolic disorders. However, while the basic science is strong, large-scale clinical trials specifically targeting mitochondrial diseases or dysfunction with niacin are still limited. Overall, the use of vitamin B3 to support mitochondrial health is well-supported mechanistically and by early-stage research, warranting a high rating for scientific evidence, though more clinical research is desirable.

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