Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin (and in its active form, riboflavin 5-phosphate), plays a critical role in mitochondrial function. Riboflavin is a precursor to the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), both of which are essential for redox reactions in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. These coenzymes participate in the electron transport chain, which is the primary mechanism by which mitochondria generate ATP, the cell's main energy currency. Deficiency in riboflavin can lead to decreased mitochondrial energy production and is associated with various metabolic disorders. Clinical evidence supports the use of riboflavin in mitochondrial disorders. For example, studies have shown that high-dose riboflavin supplementation can improve clinical symptoms and biochemical markers in certain mitochondrial diseases, particularly those involving complex I and II deficiencies (such as multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and some forms of mitochondrial myopathy). Riboflavin supplementation is a standard part of treatment protocols for these conditions. Furthermore, riboflavin’s role in reducing oxidative stress and supporting cellular energy metabolism underpins its scientific validation in mitochondrial health. While riboflavin is essential for general health, its targeted use for mitochondrial support is most strongly validated in the context of deficiency or specific mitochondrial pathologies. For healthy individuals with adequate dietary intake, additional supplementation may not confer further mitochondrial benefit.

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