Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Vitamin B1 (thiamine monohydrate) has scientific validation for its role in supporting mitochondrial function. Thiamine is an essential cofactor for several mitochondrial enzymes, most notably pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and transketolase. These enzymes are crucial components of central energy metabolism, including the citric acid cycle and the pentose phosphate pathway, which are fundamental processes occurring within mitochondria. Thiamine deficiency impairs mitochondrial ATP production, leading to cellular energy deficits, particularly in organs with high metabolic demand such as the brain, heart, and muscles.

Clinical evidence demonstrates that thiamine supplementation can correct mitochondrial dysfunction in deficiency states, such as in beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Research also suggests that thiamine supplementation may benefit certain conditions with secondary mitochondrial dysfunction, such as diabetes and some neurodegenerative diseases, although more studies are needed to confirm these effects in populations without overt thiamine deficiency.

Overall, the scientific rationale for thiamine’s support of mitochondrial function is robust for deficiency states and biochemically plausible for broader metabolic support, justifying its use in the context of mitochondrial health.

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