Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Vitamin B1, also known as thiamine (and its various forms such as thiamine disulfide), plays a well-established role in mitochondrial function. Thiamine is an essential cofactor for several enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, particularly within the mitochondria. The most notable thiamine-dependent enzymes are pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, both of which are critical components of the citric acid (Krebs) cycle—a central process in mitochondrial energy production. Deficiency of thiamine leads to impaired mitochondrial ATP synthesis, resulting in clinical syndromes such as beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, both marked by neurological and cardiovascular dysfunction due to energy failure in high-demand tissues.

Supplementation with thiamine (including thiamine disulfide, which is a more lipophilic and bioavailable form) has been shown to restore mitochondrial enzyme activity and improve energy metabolism in deficient states. Multiple studies in both animals and humans confirm that thiamine supplementation can reverse mitochondrial dysfunction caused by thiamine deficiency. While direct evidence in healthy, non-deficient individuals is limited, the essential role of thiamine in mitochondrial energy metabolism is firmly established. Thus, its use to support mitochondrial function is scientifically validated, especially in populations at risk for deficiency.

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