Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a redox cofactor and antioxidant that has gained interest for its potential to support mitochondrial function. Scientific studies, primarily in vitro and animal models, suggest that PQQ can stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis—the process by which new mitochondria are formed in cells. This effect appears to be mediated through the activation of signaling pathways such as PGC-1α, a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition, PQQ has demonstrated the ability to protect mitochondria from oxidative stress by reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Human studies on PQQ are limited but promising. Small clinical trials have reported improvements in markers of mitochondrial function and reductions in inflammation after PQQ supplementation. For example, a study published in Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (2009) showed that PQQ supplementation in humans improved energy metabolism and antioxidant status. However, the sample sizes are small and the duration of studies is short, so more robust clinical evidence is needed.

In summary, while there is scientific rationale and preliminary evidence supporting the use of PQQ for mitochondrial health, the strength of evidence is currently moderate, mostly based on preclinical research and limited human data. Large-scale, long-term clinical trials are necessary to confirm these effects in humans.