Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a form of vitamin B3 and a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a vital coenzyme in mitochondrial energy production. Scientific interest in NR has grown because NAD+ levels decline with age and in various disease states, which is associated with reduced mitochondrial function and cellular energy. Several animal studies have shown that supplementation with NR increases NAD+ levels, enhances mitochondrial function, improves muscle performance, and protects against metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. In humans, small clinical trials have demonstrated that NR supplementation can raise NAD+ levels in blood and muscle tissue. However, evidence directly linking NR supplementation to significant improvements in mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, or clinical outcomes in healthy adults is still limited and largely preliminary. Most studies are short-term and involve small sample sizes, with some reporting modest effects on mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic markers. To date, there is insufficient large-scale clinical evidence to firmly establish NR as a mitochondrial support supplement in humans, but the mechanistic rationale and early research are promising.

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