Niacinamide ascorbate is a compound that combines niacinamide (vitamin B3) and ascorbate (vitamin C). Both components are individually recognized for their roles in cellular metabolism, including mitochondrial function. Niacinamide is a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a critical coenzyme in mitochondrial energy production and redox reactions. Numerous studies have shown that NAD+ levels decline with age and mitochondrial dysfunction, and supplementation with niacinamide can boost NAD+ levels, thereby supporting mitochondrial function and cellular energy metabolism (Verdin, 2018).

Ascorbate (vitamin C) is a potent antioxidant that helps mitigate oxidative stress in mitochondria, protecting mitochondrial DNA and function. It also participates in enzymatic reactions involved in energy production and has been shown in preclinical studies to support mitochondrial biogenesis and health (Liang & Kitts, 2018).

However, while there is substantial mechanistic and preclinical evidence that both niacinamide and ascorbate support mitochondrial health, direct clinical evidence for the specific compound "niacinamide ascorbate" or its use as a mitochondrial supplement in humans is limited. Thus, the evidence rating is moderate (3/5), based primarily on the established roles of its components rather than robust clinical trials with the combined form.