Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

L-Glutathione is a tripeptide composed of glutamine, cysteine, and glycine, and is a critical intracellular antioxidant. Its role in supporting the mitochondria is backed by scientific evidence, particularly in the context of cellular redox balance and mitochondrial function. Mitochondria generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) as byproducts of energy production, and excess ROS can lead to oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Glutathione, present in both the cytosol and mitochondria, neutralizes ROS, thereby protecting mitochondrial membranes, proteins, and DNA from oxidative stress.

Research has shown that depletion of glutathione leads to increased mitochondrial oxidative damage and impaired energy production, while supplementation or upregulation of glutathione can restore mitochondrial function and enhance cellular resilience. Animal and cell studies have demonstrated that glutathione supports mitochondrial integrity and function under various stress conditions. For example, a 2018 review in Cell Biochemistry and Function highlighted glutathione’s central role in maintaining mitochondrial health and preventing apoptosis induced by oxidative stress.

While most data are preclinical or mechanistic, and direct clinical trials in humans are limited, the mechanistic underpinnings are well established. Thus, the use of L-glutathione to support mitochondrial health is scientifically justified, primarily based on its fundamental role in cellular and mitochondrial redox biology.

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