Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Ginseng (which can refer to several species, but most commonly Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius) has been studied for its effects on mitochondria, the energy-producing organelles in cells. Scientific research over the past decade has provided moderate evidence that ginsenosides, the active compounds in ginseng, may support mitochondrial function. Several in vitro and animal studies have shown that ginseng extracts and specific ginsenosides can enhance mitochondrial biogenesis, improve mitochondrial membrane potential, and protect against oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. These effects are thought to be mediated through pathways such as AMPK activation, increased expression of PGC-1α, and modulation of antioxidant enzymes.

A handful of small human clinical studies also suggest that ginseng supplementation can improve markers of fatigue and increase exercise endurance, which may be related to improved mitochondrial function, though direct measurement of mitochondrial activity in humans remains limited. Overall, while there is some promising preclinical and limited clinical evidence supporting the idea that ginseng may benefit the mitochondrial system, more robust human trials are needed. Thus, the use of ginseng for mitochondrial support is grounded in a combination of scientific findings, though the evidence is not yet conclusive or high-level.

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