Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Coffee contains several bioactive compounds, most notably caffeine and polyphenols, that have been studied for their effects on mitochondrial function. Caffeine has been shown in both animal and human studies to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis, the process by which new mitochondria are formed within cells. This is primarily mediated by upregulation of PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha), a key regulator of energy metabolism. Additionally, coffee's rich antioxidant content may help reduce oxidative stress in mitochondria, potentially supporting their function and longevity. However, most of the evidence comes from laboratory and animal studies, with fewer high-quality human trials directly linking coffee consumption to enhanced mitochondrial function. Some human research suggests that regular coffee drinkers may have improved metabolic health, which could be partly mediated by better mitochondrial efficiency, but causality is not firmly established. Overall, there is moderate scientific support for coffee’s beneficial impact on mitochondrial health, though more research—particularly in humans—is needed to clarify the extent and mechanisms of this effect.

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