Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Vitamin B9, also known as folate or folic acid (the synthetic form), is scientifically validated as an important nutrient for preconception and early pregnancy health. Its primary established benefit is in the prevention of neural tube defects (NTDs) in the developing fetus. Multiple large-scale studies and public health recommendations support folate supplementation for all women of childbearing age to reduce the risk of NTDs. Regarding miscarriage prevention specifically, the evidence is less robust but suggests a potential benefit. Some observational studies have found that women with higher folate intake or supplementation before and during early pregnancy have a reduced risk of miscarriage compared to those with inadequate levels. Proposed mechanisms include folate's role in DNA synthesis, repair, and methylation, which are crucial during rapid cell division in early embryogenesis. Folate deficiency has been associated with elevated homocysteine levels, which may negatively impact placental and fetal development, possibly increasing miscarriage risk. However, randomized controlled trials directly assessing folate supplementation for miscarriage prevention are limited, and results are mixed. Thus, while there is scientific rationale and some supportive epidemiological evidence, the case for folate in outright miscarriage prevention is not as strong as it is for NTD prevention, and further research is needed.

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