Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Vitamin D (cholecalciferol) has some scientific evidence suggesting a potential role in migraine prevention or management, though the evidence is still preliminary and not definitive. Several observational studies have reported that people with migraines are more likely to have low vitamin D levels compared to healthy controls. Some small randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated vitamin D supplementation in migraine sufferers, with a few reporting a reduction in migraine frequency or severity. For example, a 2019 meta-analysis published in Headache reviewed available RCTs and found a modest benefit of vitamin D supplementation in reducing headache frequency, but highlighted the small sample sizes and heterogeneity among studies. Proposed mechanisms include vitamin D’s anti-inflammatory properties and its role in modulating immune and neuronal functions, which may influence migraine pathophysiology.

However, current guidelines do not universally recommend vitamin D supplementation solely for migraine management, except in individuals with documented deficiency. The body of evidence remains limited by the small size and methodological limitations of most studies. In conclusion, while there is some scientific rationale and preliminary clinical data supporting vitamin D’s use for migraine, the overall evidence is weak to moderate and further large-scale, well-designed trials are needed to establish efficacy and optimal dosing.

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