Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Vitamin B6 (in its active form, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate) has been investigated for its potential role in migraine management, primarily due to its involvement in neurotransmitter synthesis and homocysteine metabolism. Several small clinical studies and randomized controlled trials have examined the effects of vitamin B6, often in combination with folic acid and vitamin B12, on migraine frequency and severity. The rationale is based on the observation that elevated homocysteine levels may be associated with increased migraine risk, particularly in individuals with certain genetic polymorphisms (e.g., MTHFR mutation). Vitamin B6, as a cofactor, helps lower homocysteine levels. A 2010 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Lea et al.) found that supplementation with vitamin B6, folic acid, and B12 reduced migraine disability and attack frequency in patients with migraine with aura. However, the effect of vitamin B6 alone is not well established, as most studies use it as part of a B-vitamin combination. Reviews and meta-analyses note that while results are promising, the quality of evidence is moderate at best, with small sample sizes and methodological limitations. Leading clinical guidelines do not yet recommend vitamin B6 as a first-line or standalone treatment for migraine, and more high-quality research is needed to clarify its efficacy. In summary, there is some scientific evidence supporting the adjunctive use of vitamin B6 (especially in B-complex formulations) for migraine, but the evidence is not strong or definitive.

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