Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), including its active form riboflavin-5'-phosphate, is supported by scientific evidence for use in migraine prevention. Several double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials and meta-analyses suggest that high-dose riboflavin supplementation (typically 400 mg daily) can reduce the frequency and duration of migraine attacks in adults. The proposed mechanism involves riboflavin’s critical role in mitochondrial energy production. Migraine sufferers are thought to have impaired mitochondrial function, and riboflavin acts as a cofactor for enzymes involved in the electron transport chain, potentially improving cellular energy metabolism in the brain.

The strongest evidence comes from studies such as Schoenen et al. (1998, Neurology), which found that riboflavin significantly reduced migraine frequency compared to placebo. Subsequent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have generally confirmed modest efficacy, especially for prevention rather than acute treatment. The American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society consider riboflavin “probably effective” for migraine prevention in adults, but data in children are less robust.

Riboflavin’s safety profile is favorable, with minimal side effects reported in clinical trials. However, while the evidence is stronger than for many dietary supplements, it is not as robust as for some prescription medications. Overall, the use of riboflavin for migraine prevention is justified by current scientific data, though further research could clarify optimal dosing and efficacy in specific populations.

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