Salmon oil, which is rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA and DHA), has been investigated for its potential benefits in migraine prevention and management. Scientific support for its use comes from the understanding that omega-3 fatty acids possess anti-inflammatory properties, which may modulate the neurovascular inflammation implicated in migraine pathogenesis. Some small clinical trials and observational studies have evaluated the effect of omega-3 supplementation on migraine frequency, duration, and severity.

The evidence, however, remains limited and somewhat inconsistent. For example, a 2018 systematic review (Cephalalgia, 2018) found only a few randomized controlled trials, with mixed results: some showed a modest reduction in migraine frequency and intensity, while others did not demonstrate significant benefits compared to placebo. Additionally, most studies used omega-3 supplements generally, not specifically salmon oil, making direct attribution challenging. A 2021 study (BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health) suggested some benefit in reducing migraine days when omega-3 intake was increased and omega-6 was reduced.

Overall, while there is a biologically plausible rationale and some early clinical support, the current scientific evidence is not strong or conclusive. Salmon oil is not a mainstream, guideline-recommended therapy for migraine, but research continues into its potential adjunctive benefits. More robust, large-scale clinical trials are required to establish its efficacy and optimal dosing for migraine management.