Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Omega-3 fatty acids, primarily found in fish oil, have been investigated for their potential role in migraine prevention and management. The scientific justification centers on the anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3s, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which may modulate neuroinflammation thought to contribute to migraine pathophysiology. Several small clinical trials and observational studies have explored omega-3 supplementation in migraine patients. Some studies report a modest reduction in headache frequency, intensity, or duration, while others show little to no effect compared to placebo or standard treatment.

A 2021 randomized controlled trial published in BMJ found that a diet high in omega-3 fatty acids led to a reduction in the frequency and duration of migraine attacks in adults, supporting the biological plausibility of omega-3’s benefits. However, these effects were generally mild and not all studies have been consistent, with some showing no significant improvement. Major neurological and headache societies do not currently recommend omega-3s as a first-line or standalone migraine therapy, citing insufficient robust evidence.

Historically, omega-3s have not been used in traditional medicine specifically for migraine, and their use is justified primarily by recent scientific investigation. Overall, the evidence supporting omega-3 fatty acids for migraine is promising but limited, and further large-scale, well-designed clinical trials are needed to clarify their efficacy and optimal dosing.

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Products containing omega-3 fatty acids

Nature's Sunshine Flax Seed Oil (With Lignans)