Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Ginkgolides, particularly ginkgolide B, are terpene lactones found in the Ginkgo biloba plant. Their use in migraine management is supported by a small but growing body of scientific research, primarily from clinical trials and mechanistic studies. The most notable evidence comes from randomized controlled trials conducted in Europe and Asia, where standardized Ginkgo biloba extracts containing ginkgolides have been evaluated for migraine prophylaxis, often in combination with other compounds like coenzyme Q10 and magnesium. Some studies have reported a reduction in migraine frequency, intensity, and duration in both adults and children. The proposed mechanism involves ginkgolide B’s antagonistic effect on platelet-activating factor (PAF), which plays a role in neuroinflammation and vascular changes associated with migraines. Additionally, ginkgolides may exhibit antioxidant and neuroprotective properties that could be beneficial. However, the overall quality of evidence is limited by small sample sizes, short study durations, and frequent use of combination therapies, making it difficult to isolate the effects of ginkgolides alone. Systematic reviews conclude that while preliminary findings are promising, more rigorous and larger-scale studies are needed to confirm efficacy and safety. Thus, the scientific evidence for ginkgolides in migraine is suggestive but not definitive, warranting a rating of 2 out of 5.

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