Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan) has some scientific rationale and limited evidence supporting its use in migraine prevention. 5-HTP is a direct precursor to serotonin, a neurotransmitter implicated in the pathophysiology of migraines. Low levels of serotonin have been associated with the onset of migraine attacks. By increasing serotonin production, 5-HTP may help to normalize serotonin levels and reduce migraine frequency.

Several small clinical trials conducted in the 1970s and 1980s investigated 5-HTP for migraine prophylaxis. These studies suggested that 5-HTP may reduce the frequency, duration, and intensity of migraine attacks, and in some cases, its effects were comparable to certain prescription medications (such as methysergide). However, most of these studies had small sample sizes, short durations, and methodological limitations. More recent, high-quality studies are lacking.

Systematic reviews have concluded that the evidence is insufficient to make strong recommendations for 5-HTP in migraine prevention, largely due to the age and quality of the available trials. However, its plausible mechanism of action and positive findings in older trials mean that 5-HTP is still occasionally used as an alternative or adjunct therapy in migraine management, particularly by those seeking non-pharmaceutical options. Overall, while there is a scientific basis for its use, robust clinical validation is lacking, justifying a modest evidence rating.

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