Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Sodium butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid salt, has been investigated for its potential effects on metabolic syndrome, primarily in preclinical and some early clinical studies. Butyrate is produced naturally in the colon via fermentation of dietary fibers by gut microbiota, and has been shown in rodent models to improve insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation, and modulate lipid metabolism—key aspects of metabolic syndrome. Animal studies have demonstrated that sodium butyrate supplementation can decrease fasting blood glucose, improve glucose tolerance, reduce body weight gain, and lower plasma triglycerides in high-fat diet-induced models of obesity and metabolic syndrome. The proposed mechanisms include inhibition of histone deacetylases, leading to altered gene expression, and modulation of gut hormone secretion and energy expenditure. However, robust human clinical evidence is currently limited. A few small pilot studies and trials in humans suggest possible improvements in insulin sensitivity and inflammatory markers, but results are inconsistent and often limited by small sample sizes and short intervention durations. As of 2024, sodium butyrate is not a standard or approved therapy for metabolic syndrome, and further large-scale, high-quality clinical trials are needed to confirm efficacy and safety. Thus, while the rationale for its use is science-based, the overall strength of evidence supporting sodium butyrate for metabolic syndrome in humans remains modest.

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