Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Momordicosides are a group of triterpenoid glycosides found in Momordica charantia (bitter melon), a plant traditionally used in various cultures for its purported antidiabetic and metabolic benefits. Over the past two decades, scientific interest has focused on the role of these bioactive compounds in managing components of metabolic syndrome, especially hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Preclinical studies (cell and animal models) have shown that momordicosides can enhance glucose uptake, improve insulin sensitivity, and modulate lipid profiles. Some mechanisms proposed include inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption, stimulation of insulin secretion, and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). A handful of small clinical trials using bitter melon extracts (not isolated momordicosides) have reported modest improvements in blood glucose levels among individuals with type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome; however, results are mixed and the specific contribution of momordicosides remains unclear. There is insufficient large-scale, high-quality human evidence directly linking momordicosides to clinically meaningful improvements in metabolic syndrome. Overall, while the use is grounded in both tradition and preliminary scientific findings, the direct evidence for isolated momordicosides in metabolic syndrome management is limited and best rated as weak to moderate (2/5).

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