Chromium picolinate has been investigated for its potential benefits in supporting glucose metabolism and improving insulin sensitivity, both of which are relevant to metabolic syndrome—a cluster of conditions including insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and central obesity. The rationale for its use stems from the essential role of chromium, a trace mineral, in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Early studies and some small clinical trials suggested chromium supplementation could improve glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance, which underpins metabolic syndrome. However, systematic reviews and meta-analyses have yielded mixed results: while a few find modest improvements in fasting blood glucose or insulin sensitivity, many show little or no clinically meaningful effect. The American Diabetes Association and other endocrine societies do not recommend chromium supplementation as a standard therapy for metabolic syndrome due to inconsistent evidence and the generally small magnitude of effect. Nevertheless, chromium picolinate continues to be marketed and used for this purpose, largely based on preliminary scientific evidence rather than robust, high-quality clinical validation. Its safety profile is generally favorable at recommended doses, but efficacy for metabolic syndrome remains unproven and should be considered limited.