Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) is an essential nutrient involved in nerve function and the production of DNA and red blood cells. There is scientific evidence that severe B12 deficiency can cause neurological symptoms, including memory loss, confusion, and even dementia-like symptoms. In such cases, B12 supplementation is an established treatment and can reverse or halt cognitive decline if deficiency is the cause. However, the evidence supporting B12 supplementation for improving memory and brain function in people who are not deficient is limited and inconsistent.

Clinical studies generally show no significant benefit of B12 supplementation for cognitive performance in healthy adults or in those with mild cognitive impairment but without deficiency. Most large systematic reviews and meta-analyses, including those by the Cochrane Collaboration, conclude that there is insufficient evidence to recommend B12 supplementation for memory or general brain function in individuals with normal B12 levels. In summary, B12 is necessary for brain health, but supplementation only supports memory and cognitive function in cases of deficiency, not as a general enhancer in the absence of deficiency.

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