Smilax, commonly known as sarsaparilla, has a long history of use in traditional herbal medicine, particularly in cultures in Central and South America, as well as in traditional Chinese medicine. Historically, it has been used as a general tonic and is sometimes claimed to support male reproductive health, including purported benefits for libido and sexual function. Most of these uses are rooted in tradition and anecdotal reports rather than robust scientific evidence.

The phytochemicals present in smilax, such as saponins and phytosterols, have led to speculation about their possible androgenic or testosterone-boosting effects, but clinical studies directly supporting these claims in humans are lacking. Some animal studies have suggested mild androgenic effects or improvements in sexual behavior, but the evidence is limited and not conclusive. There are no well-conducted, large-scale human trials demonstrating that smilax has a significant or consistent benefit for the male reproductive system.

Therefore, the use of smilax to support the male reproductive system is justified primarily by traditional use, with insufficient scientific validation at this time.