Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 5

Quinine sulphate is scientifically validated for the treatment of malaria, particularly for infections caused by Plasmodium falciparum, the most dangerous species of the malaria parasite. The use of quinine as an antimalarial dates back to the 17th century, when extracts from the bark of the cinchona tree (the source of quinine) were first used in South America and later introduced to Europe. Quinine's efficacy has been established through extensive clinical research and decades of medical practice.

Mechanistically, quinine acts by interfering with the parasite's ability to digest hemoglobin in red blood cells, ultimately leading to parasite death. It is especially important in treating severe malaria and in situations where first-line artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are unavailable, contraindicated, or ineffective due to resistance. The World Health Organization (WHO) and other leading health bodies include quinine sulphate on their lists of essential medicines for malaria treatment.

Clinical evidence supports its use, with numerous randomized controlled trials and observational studies demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing parasite levels and improving survival rates. However, quinine is associated with several side effects (such as cinchonism, hypoglycemia, and cardiac effects), so its use is now generally reserved for specific scenarios or when ACTs cannot be used. In summary, quinine sulphate is a scientifically validated, effective antimalarial agent with a well-established historical and clinical profile.

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