Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Embelia species, particularly Embelia ribes, have a long-standing history of use in traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda and Siddha, including as a remedy for febrile illnesses that may include malaria. The dried fruits of Embelia ribes have been used for centuries in South Asian ethnomedicine for a range of conditions, including as an anthelmintic, digestive aid, and in some regions, as a treatment for intermittent fevers thought to be malarial in origin. The traditional rationale for its use in malaria likely stems from its general use in treating fevers rather than from direct evidence of antimalarial efficacy.

Scientific investigations on the antimalarial activity of embelia are limited. A few in vitro and animal studies suggest some extracts of Embelia ribes may have mild antiplasmodial activity, but these results are preliminary and not robust enough to support clinical use. No clinical trials in humans have confirmed efficacy against malaria, and the active compounds responsible for any antimalarial effect have not been well characterized. The overall evidence thus rates low, with tradition being the primary justification for its use against malaria, supported by only weak and inconclusive scientific findings.

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