Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is an endogenous antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen, thereby reducing oxidative stress. Oxidative damage is a well-established factor in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The rationale for using SOD to support or treat AMD stems from the hypothesis that enhancing antioxidant defense may protect retinal cells from oxidative damage.

Several in vitro and animal studies have shown that SOD can reduce oxidative injury to retinal pigment epithelial cells. Observational studies in humans indicate that lower levels of antioxidants, including SOD, are associated with increased risk of AMD. However, clinical trials directly assessing oral or systemic SOD supplementation for AMD in humans are extremely limited and show inconsistent results, largely due to the poor bioavailability of orally ingested SOD. Some antioxidant formulations (such as those studied in the AREDS trials) have shown benefit in AMD, but these do not include SOD.

Overall, the scientific basis for SOD use in AMD is plausible but not robustly supported by clinical trials. The evidence for benefit is therefore rated as low (2/5), reflecting a scientific rationale and some preclinical support, but insufficient direct clinical validation for its efficacy in treating or preventing macular degeneration.

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