Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Mixed carotenoids, particularly lutein and zeaxanthin, are used to support and potentially slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) based on substantial scientific evidence. Large clinical trials, most notably the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2), have shown that supplementation with these specific carotenoids can reduce the risk of progression to advanced AMD in individuals at high risk. Lutein and zeaxanthin are concentrated in the macula of the eye, where they help filter harmful blue light and act as antioxidants, protecting retinal cells from oxidative damage.

The evidence primarily supports the use of these two carotenoids, rather than a broad spectrum of carotenoids. Other carotenoids (such as beta-carotene) have not demonstrated benefit for AMD and, in some cases (notably among smokers), may be associated with increased health risks. The AREDS2 formula, which is widely recommended by ophthalmologists, specifically includes lutein and zeaxanthin instead of beta-carotene, reflecting these findings.

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses generally rate the evidence as moderate to strong for lutein and zeaxanthin in slowing AMD progression, especially in intermediate and advanced cases. While "mixed carotenoids" as a category may include other compounds with less direct evidence, the use of lutein and zeaxanthin is well supported by clinical research. Therefore, the use of these carotenoids in the context of AMD is justified by scientific evidence, with an evidence rating of 4 out of 5.

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