Evidence supporting the use of: Docosahexaenoic Acid
For the health condition: Macular Degeneration

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid highly concentrated in the retina, particularly in the photoreceptor cells. The rationale for using DHA to support or treat age-related macular degeneration (AMD) derives from its structural role in retinal health and its anti-inflammatory properties. Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between higher dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids (including DHA) and a reduced risk of developing AMD. However, large randomized controlled trials such as AREDS2 (Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2) have not found a statistically significant benefit of DHA (combined with EPA) supplementation in slowing the progression to advanced AMD compared to placebo. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses generally conclude that while there is biological plausibility and observational support, high-quality interventional evidence for a therapeutic benefit in AMD is limited or inconclusive. Thus, while DHA is used in supplements marketed for eye health, including AMD, current clinical guidelines do not recommend DHA supplementation specifically for the prevention or treatment of AMD. In summary, DHA’s use for AMD is based on scientific rationale and some observational data, but the overall evidence supporting its efficacy is weak (rated 2/5).

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