Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) is an anthocyanin found in various fruits and vegetables, notably berries and purple corn. Its use in supporting or treating macular degeneration is primarily based on preclinical and limited clinical research suggesting potential eye health benefits due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Laboratory studies and animal models have demonstrated that C3G can reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in retinal cells, both of which are implicated in the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Some small-scale human studies and pilot clinical trials have reported improvements in subjective symptoms of visual function and retinal blood flow after supplementation with anthocyanin-rich extracts, including C3G. However, these studies are generally of low quality, short duration, and often use mixed anthocyanin formulations rather than isolated C3G.

To date, there are no large, robust, randomized controlled trials directly evaluating C3G as a monotherapy for AMD in humans. Major ophthalmology guidelines do not currently endorse C3G supplementation for AMD due to insufficient high-quality evidence. Thus, while there is a plausible scientific rationale and some preliminary evidence supporting its use, the overall evidence base is weak (rated 2/5), and more rigorous human studies are needed to establish efficacy and safety for this specific indication.

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