Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Carotenoids, specifically lutein and zeaxanthin, are supported by scientific evidence for use in supporting and potentially slowing the progression of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). These carotenoids are concentrated in the macula of the eye, where they function as antioxidants and blue light filters, protecting retinal cells from oxidative stress and light-induced damage. The pivotal Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2), a large, multicenter, randomized controlled trial sponsored by the National Eye Institute, found that supplementation with lutein and zeaxanthin (in place of beta-carotene) reduced the risk of progression to advanced AMD, particularly in individuals with low dietary intake of these carotenoids. Numerous observational studies have also demonstrated an association between higher dietary intake or blood levels of lutein and zeaxanthin and a lower risk of AMD. The evidence for other carotenoids is less robust, but lutein and zeaxanthin are now commonly included in eye health supplements. However, while supplementation may slow progression in those with intermediate or advanced AMD, current evidence does not support carotenoids for prevention in individuals without AMD. Overall, the use of lutein and zeaxanthin for AMD is considered scientifically validated, though not curative.

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