Evidence supporting the use of: Blueberry
For the health condition: Macular Degeneration

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 1

Blueberries are often discussed in the context of eye health, particularly for conditions such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The basis for this association is primarily traditional and stems from the broader use of berries—especially bilberry (a close relative of blueberry)—in folk medicine for supporting vision. During World War II, British pilots reportedly consumed bilberry jam to improve night vision, a story that helped popularize berries for eye health. Blueberries contain anthocyanins, antioxidant compounds that have been studied for their general health benefits, including potential protective effects on the retina due to their ability to combat oxidative stress and inflammation.

However, the direct scientific evidence linking blueberries specifically to the prevention or treatment of macular degeneration is limited. Most studies have been small, in vitro, or animal-based, and have not provided robust clinical evidence. While some observational studies suggest diets rich in fruits and vegetables (including berries) may lower the risk of AMD, these do not isolate blueberry consumption as a unique factor. As such, the endorsement of blueberries for AMD is rooted more in tradition and general nutritional reasoning than in strong scientific validation.

In summary, blueberries are widely promoted for eye health based on traditional use and their nutrient profile, but the specific evidence supporting their efficacy for macular degeneration is weak, meriting a low evidence rating.

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