The use of the Matapalo tree (various species of Ficus, such as Ficus tinctoria or Ficus citrifolia) for swollen lymph nodes or glands is primarily rooted in traditional medicine, particularly in Central and South America. Ethnobotanical records indicate that traditional healers have employed various parts of the Matapalo tree—including leaves, bark, and latex—in topical poultices or decoctions to address inflammation, infections, and swellings, which may include swollen lymph nodes. The purported benefits are attributed to the tree's anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, which are common reasons for the use of many medicinal plants in folk medicine.

However, there is very limited scientific research specifically validating the efficacy of Matapalo extracts for swollen lymph nodes or glandular issues. Some in vitro and animal studies suggest that related Ficus species may possess anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory compounds, but these findings have not been directly linked to clinical outcomes for lymphadenopathy in humans. As such, the evidence supporting the use of Matapalo tree for this particular condition is weak and based mostly on tradition rather than rigorous clinical studies.

In summary, while the Matapalo tree has a history of traditional use for swellings that could include lymph nodes, there is insufficient scientific evidence to robustly support its effectiveness for this purpose.