Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been studied for their potential benefits in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune condition characterized by chronic inflammation. The rationale for their use is based on their anti-inflammatory properties. Omega-3s can modulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduce the expression of genes involved in inflammation, which is relevant in SLE pathogenesis.

Several small-scale clinical trials and animal studies have suggested that omega-3 supplementation may reduce disease activity and improve some cardiovascular risk factors in people with lupus. For example, a 2012 randomized controlled trial published in Arthritis Care & Research found that EPA and DHA supplementation led to a modest reduction in disease activity and improved endothelial function in SLE patients. However, other studies have shown more modest or inconsistent results, and systematic reviews conclude that while there is a signal of benefit, the evidence is not robust or conclusive.

Guidelines from major rheumatology organizations do not currently recommend omega-3s as a standard adjunctive therapy for lupus, but they are sometimes used as a complementary approach due to their favorable safety profile and possible cardiovascular benefits. Overall, scientific evidence for the use of omega-3 in lupus is present but limited and not definitive.

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