Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Marine lipids, particularly omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been investigated for their potential to support the management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The rationale behind their use is primarily scientific, focused on their anti-inflammatory properties. Several small clinical trials and animal studies have suggested that omega-3 supplementation can reduce disease activity, lower inflammatory cytokine production, and improve endothelial function in patients with lupus. For example, a 2018 randomized controlled trial published in Rheumatology found that omega-3 supplementation decreased SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) scores and improved endothelial function compared to placebo. Other studies have shown reductions in markers of inflammation, although not all trials have demonstrated significant clinical improvements.

Despite these promising findings, the overall quality and size of the clinical evidence are limited. Most studies are small, of short duration, and sometimes use different doses and formulations of marine lipids. Major rheumatology guidelines do not currently recommend marine lipids as a standard therapy for lupus, but they may be considered as adjunctive therapy for their cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory benefits. In summary, while there is scientific rationale and some clinical evidence supporting the use of marine lipids in lupus, the evidence is modest (rated 2/5) and more large-scale, high-quality trials are needed to determine their true efficacy and optimal use in this condition.

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