Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Antioxidants have been investigated for their potential benefit in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, commonly referred to as lupus), primarily due to the role of oxidative stress in the disease’s pathogenesis. Scientific studies indicate that patients with lupus often have higher levels of oxidative stress and lower levels of endogenous antioxidants, suggesting that oxidative damage may contribute to disease activity and organ damage. Preclinical studies in lupus-prone animal models have shown that certain antioxidants (such as N-acetylcysteine) can reduce disease severity and autoantibody production.

Human clinical data are more limited and mixed. Some small-scale studies have examined antioxidant supplementation (including vitamins C and E, selenium, and N-acetylcysteine) and have reported modest improvements in disease markers or symptoms. However, most of these studies are preliminary, have small sample sizes, and use different antioxidant regimens, making broad conclusions difficult. There is not yet robust, high-quality evidence from large randomized controlled trials to strongly support routine antioxidant supplementation as a standard therapy for lupus. Current guidelines do not recommend antioxidants as a primary treatment, but they may be considered as adjuncts in some cases, especially where oxidative stress is demonstrated. Overall, while scientific rationale exists and preliminary evidence is promising, more research is needed to confirm efficacy and safety.

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