Plumbago zeylanica, commonly known as Ceylon leadwort or chitrak, has a longstanding history of use in traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda and Siddha, particularly in the Indian subcontinent. One of its ethnomedicinal applications includes the treatment of leprosy (Hansen’s disease). Ancient Ayurvedic texts mention the use of Plumbago zeylanica root paste or extracts for various skin diseases, including leprosy, mainly due to its purported ability to "purify the blood" and its strong irritant and vesicant properties, which were thought to help with chronic skin lesions.

However, there is little to no robust scientific evidence to substantiate its efficacy or safety for treating leprosy. While a few in vitro and animal studies have shown that the plant contains phytochemicals like plumbagin, which exhibit antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, these findings have not been directly linked to efficacy against Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy. Moreover, no clinical trials or modern pharmacological studies specifically support its use in leprosy management. Safety is also a concern, as Plumbago zeylanica is known for its irritant and potentially toxic effects.

In summary, Plumbago zeylanica's use in leprosy is primarily traditional, with minimal scientific validation and significant safety concerns. Its application reflects historical practices rather than evidence-based medicine.