Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Beta-glucosidase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes β-glycosidic bonds in various substrates, but when it comes to lactose intolerance, the enzyme most directly implicated is beta-galactosidase (commonly known as lactase). There is sometimes confusion between these enzymes, as both are β-glycosidases, but only lactase (β-galactosidase) specifically breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose, aiding individuals with lactose intolerance.

However, some commercial enzyme supplements and research studies have explored the use of broader-spectrum beta-glucosidases (including those from microbial sources) for lactose hydrolysis. These enzymes can sometimes exhibit lactase activity, breaking down lactose to relieve symptoms in lactose-intolerant individuals. Several clinical trials and in vitro studies have demonstrated that oral administration of enzyme preparations containing beta-glucosidase/lactase can reduce symptoms such as bloating, diarrhea, and flatulence after lactose ingestion.

For example, a 2012 review in the World Journal of Gastroenterology summarizes evidence supporting enzyme replacement therapy with microbial β-galactosidases, sometimes referred to as beta-glucosidase in literature, for managing lactose intolerance. The quality and efficacy of these supplements depend on the specific enzyme source, formulation, and dosage. While not all beta-glucosidases are effective against lactose, those with lactase activity have a clear scientific basis for use in lactose-intolerant patients.

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