Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Sulfated polysaccharides, particularly those derived from seaweeds (such as carrageenans and fucoidans), have been investigated for their antiviral properties, including activity against influenza viruses. Scientific studies, mostly in vitro and some in animal models, have demonstrated that these compounds can inhibit the replication and entry of influenza viruses by interfering with viral attachment and fusion to host cells. For example, research has shown that carrageenan can block the binding of the influenza virus to host cells by mimicking cell surface receptors, effectively preventing the virus from initiating infection. Some animal studies and ex vivo experiments have reported reduced viral loads and milder disease progression with sulfated polysaccharide treatment. However, human clinical data are limited and inconsistent. A few small-scale clinical trials have explored intranasal applications of carrageenan for common cold viruses, including some caused by influenza, with mixed results. Overall, while there is promising preclinical evidence for antiviral activity, the clinical evidence remains preliminary and insufficient to conclusively support the therapeutic use of sulfated polysaccharides against influenza in humans. Further large-scale, well-designed clinical trials are needed to establish efficacy and safety. Thus, the scientific evidence currently rates as moderate to low (2/5).

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