Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Sambucus nigra, commonly known as elderberry, has a long tradition in folk medicine for the treatment of colds and influenza-like illnesses. In recent years, its use has also received some scientific attention. Several randomized controlled trials and in vitro studies have explored elderberry’s efficacy against influenza viruses. Notably, a 2004 double-blind, placebo-controlled study published in Journal of International Medical Research found that elderberry extract reduced the duration and severity of influenza symptoms when taken within 48 hours of onset. Other studies suggest elderberry extracts may inhibit the replication of influenza A and B viruses, potentially by blocking the virus's ability to enter and infect host cells, and by stimulating cytokine production and immune response.

However, while these results are promising, the number of high-quality, large-scale clinical trials remains limited. Most existing studies involve small sample sizes or proprietary elderberry preparations, which may not generalize to all elderberry products. There is also a need for more research to determine standardized dosing and to confirm consistent efficacy and safety. In summary, Sambucus nigra is supported by both tradition and a moderate level of scientific evidence for use in reducing influenza symptoms, but more rigorous studies are needed to fully validate its role.

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